Economics of Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Financial matters of Taxation - Essay Example Does the Family Credit change the marriage punishment or reward? Under the current 2006 assessment framework, the estimation of the individual exception and standard derivation for family unit 1 (wedded couple) would be a combined measure of $16, 400. This is comprised of the individual exclusion of $3200 ($6400 for 2) and a joint standard finding for the wedded couple of $10,000. A similar worth determined for family unit 2 adds up to $8200 for individual exclusion ($3200) and standard derivation ($5000). According to the Simplified Income Tax Plan proposed by the warning board on charge change, Family Credit replaces the individual exception and standard reasoning. It is accessible to all citizens. For a wedded couple without any youngsters, it adds up to $3300 though for an unmarried citizen it is $1650. Expecting that the current personal assessment sections win, the accompanying relative investigation would legitimize whether the citizens lean toward the old expense code or the new Simplified Tax Plan: 2. Which is increasingly evenhanded: the current framework with the individual exception and the alternative to take either the norm or ordered conclusion, or the Family Credit which everybody can take, regardless of whether they additionally organize findings? Talk about both level and vertical value and clarify your answer. Arrangement: â€Å"Tax value centers around equivalent treatment of correspondingly arranged taxpayers† (Sommerfeld, Anderson, and Brock 9). There are two expense standards, to be specific, flat value and vertical value. Even value is a fundamental measuring stick used to gauge whether taxation rates are genuinely appropriated. As per this guideline, citizens with same salary should pay a similar sum in charges. Then again, the guideline of vertical value is a defender of the dynamic structure of assessment doling out high salary workers more prominent obligation to share the expense charge (Kaplow 1989). Under the current framework, individual exception is accessible to

Odyssey and the Aeneid Essay Example for Free

Odyssey and the Aeneid Essay From the social perspectives, there are a few contrasts between the Greek and Roman idea of saints: the Achaeans connect significance to independence though the Romans to network. Not at all like the Roman Empire which we know is a realm, in the old Greece-additionally called Hellas-there are no nations however just city states spread around the Balkan Peninsula. In this sense, the Achaeans don't have the idea about aggregate cognizance or what nation is, so they will in general have individual will, thus do the legends around then. We can see the proof in the two works. From one viewpoint, in the Odyssey, Odysseus comprises the standard Greek estimations of bravery: independence. He for the most part concerns on the off chance that he can return to Ithaca securely and how to recover his seat; that is, the thing that he thinks about isn't generally identified with any other individual however is himself, his life, and his own motivations. For example, as a pioneer of his mariners, the legend Odysseus is end up being the main survivor returning to his Ithaca. So we can see that his cunning and creativity are just applied for his own individual endurance. Then again, the Roman courage is very unique. Aeneas is troubled with an extraordinary duty regarding his hallowed strategic by Jupiter to establish another land. He worries about not close to home increase or government assistance but rather others and along these lines he is the introduction of pietas, potentially the key nature of fair Romans comprising of a progression of commitment toward the family, adherents, country, and the divine beings. Socially, the Roman, or Virgilian belief system of saints is particularly not the same as that of the Greeks. The central distinction of their model valor is that the Greek legends represent individual will, greatness, and emotions though the Roman saints a perfect nationalistic ruler (Augustus, whom Virgil composes the Aeneid for) who with penance, commitment, and obligation for his kin is viewed as a worker as opposed to the served.

I Stand Here Ironing Essay Example For Students

I Stand Here Ironing Essay I Stand Here Ironing: The short story by Tillie Olsen, I Stand HereIroning, is a case of a mother girl battle. From what I understand,the youthful mother at first has an unpleasant life, and can scarcely keep track ofherself and her daugher, Emily. - =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-Category:book reportsPaper Title:I Stand Here IroningText:The short story by Tillie Olsen, I Stand Here Ironing, is a case of amother little girl battle. From what I comprehend, the youthful mother at first hasa unpleasant life, and can scarcely monitor herself and her daugher, Emily. Since the mother must work to help them, she generally put Emily into otherpeoples care, and even needed to send her away for a few distinct periods. This caused the separation between the mother and Emily to get more noteworthy, even tothe point that Emily doesn't care for physical friendship, for example, embraces from hermother. The mother adores her little girl incredibly, however she doesn't have the meansof accommodating her youngster as she might want to. As there are other kids andhusbands added to the family, Emily appears to move more distant from them all. As Emily becomes more seasoned, the mother is remorseful of the way Emily has grown up. The mother says, We were poor and couldn't manage the cost of for her the dirt of easygrowth (pg 29). The mother censures and reprimands herself for this, causingtension in their effectively unpleasant relationship. The mother is obviouslysuffering from blame and pitiful recollections of Emily languishing. Emily, as well, issuffering. We see her firmness towards such consideration for her, her quietness inher every day duities, and her sentiments of uselessness towards herself. She feelsthat she is amazingly appalling and idiotic, and continually thinks about herself to heradorable more youthful sister, Susan, who has the ideal Shirley Temple picture. This is the reason, in the start of the story, somebody who thinks about Emily, isasking her mom how he/she can help Emily. Furthermore, as the mother stands thereironing, she examines her little girl and the difficulties that they have. Theconstant movement of the pressing resembles a narcotic to the mother, as it quiets hergreatly. Since pressing is such a tedious activity, the mother has the opportunity to thinkher upsetting contemplations. In this manner, the subject of dealing with and overcomingthe past hardships rises. By and by, I make some hard memories identifying with the entire story. I can understand,but I cant truly disguise them. I guess that it simply is a case of abasic broken mother-little girl relationship. The story works superbly ofshowing a moms anguish over her little girl, and a discouraged adolescent who isstruggling to conquer her despondent youth. - =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

The Value Chain Analysis Apple Inc. - 1398 Words

According to the wiki dictionary, â€Å"a value chain is a set of activities that a firm operating in a specific industry performs in order to deliver a valuable product or service for the market† (Michael E, 1985). Having a value chain is very important for companies nowadays because value chain analysis can assist companies in becoming more competitive in the intense market. Globalization decreases the time and cost between companies in different countries. It also provides convenience for companies and customers. If Chinese customers took an order on Amazon.com, they might receive the goods in less than a week including completing the economical transition. Briefly speaking, the value chain analysis is a strategy that analyzes the inner†¦show more content†¦Innovative design is placed at the core of its business strategy. Apple owns various customer groups from sophisticated power users to inexperienced new users and from individual buyers to bulk purchasers like s chools and businesses. We might see people willing to stay in the cold dark midnight in line for the new iPhone sale no matter where. How come Apple is so successful by winning such loyalty from customers? Despite its reputation, people do get the best personal computer experience as Apple claimed. Through my study, Apple is not only selling the actual high quality product, but also delivering a concept and core value. The reason why Apple Company is so different from others is because it upholds unique design, consistent quality, and unforgettably considerate service. Actually, the value chain of Apple Company is like that of retail businesses. Apple Company starts with outstanding â€Å"Design†, and also includes procurement, manufacturing, distribution, logistics and sales. In particular, the initial part of designing is the core section. Value Chain Defined Michael Porter is the person who first raised the idea of value chain. He claimed that there are two main parts for value chain: Primary Activities and Support Activities (Michael E, 1985). Primary activity includes inbound, operation, outbound logistics, sales marketing, and serving. A company or an organization needs procurement, human resource management, technological

The reform of the British constitution remains unfinished...

In this essay, I would like to analyse why the reform of the British constitution is seen as unfinished business. Constitutional reform is when the system of government and how government institutions interact is changed. This has also meant the codification of some components of the constitution in the UK. Between 1997 and 2007, there were a considerable number of constitutional reforms introduced by the Blair governments. These reforms included devolution in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, decentralisation, reform of the House of Lords and Commons, creations of new legislation granting greater freedom and rights within the UK, and so on. However, some of them are yet to be accomplished or in progress related to the electoral and†¦show more content†¦Until now, the content of the constitutional reform has not covered any electoral reform yet as the constitution was prone to manipulation by single-party governments. The reform of the Human Rights Act can illustrate that the constitutional reform did not go far enough. In 1998, the Blair government announced that the citizens rights would be safeguarded and strengthened through incorporating the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law. However, this created a problem as the UK now has two sets of rights – those built up under Common Law and those in the Human Rights Act. These two sets of rights may conflict and, in addition, cases can be taken using these rights to both the UK Supreme Court and the European Court of Human Rights (which is the supreme court for the European Convention on Human Rights). The UK judiciary is divided on how to resolve this issue. The centrepiece of Labour s programme of constitutional reform was undoubtedly devolution. This was achieved with remarkably few problems. There now seems no likelihood that the new arrangements could be reversed, even by a Conservative administration. The election on 6 May 1999 of a Parliament in Scotland, with extensive powers of primary legislation as well as tax-raising, and an Assembly in Wales, with powers of secondary legislation only, will have a profound impact on governance within the UK. InShow MoreRelatedCOMM292 Case Studies23202 Words   |  93 Pages1. University of British Columbia Principles of Organizational Behaviour Girish Ananthanarayana COMM 329 - Section 202 - Winter Term 2 2014-15 Principles of Organizational Behaviour Girish Ananthanarayana COMM 329 - Section 202 - Winter Term 2 2014-15 University of British Columbia Table of Contents Teamwork Turmoil............................................................................................................................5 Campbell and Bailyns Boston Office: Managing the ReorganizationRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesSandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed.,Read MoreAgency Theory Essay 329591 Words   |  119 PagesThe Fundamental Agency Problem and Its Mitigation: Independence, Equity, and the Market for Corporate Control DAN R. DALTON Kelley School of Business, Indiana University MICHAELA. HITT Mays College of Business, Texas AM University S. TREVIS CERTO Mays College of Business, Texas AM University CATHERINE M. DALTON Kelley School of Business, Indiana University Abstract A central tenet of agency theory is that there is potential for mischief when the interests of owners and managersRead MoreDecision Theory: a Brief Introduction28334 Words   |  114 Pagesignorance ......................................59 9.2 Unknown possibilities..................................................................63 10. The demarcation of decisions.................................................................68 10.1 Unfinished list of alternatives ....................................................68 10.2 Indeterminate decision horizons ................................................69 11. Decision instability........................................................Read MoreManagement Challenges for the 21st Century.Pdf60639 Words   |  243 Pagesnew realities and their demands require a REVERSAL of policies that have worked well for the last century and, even more, a change in the MINDSET of organizations as well as of individuals. This is a MANAGEMENT BOOK. It intentionally leaves out BUSINESS CHALLENGES—even very important ones such as the question of whether the EURO will displace the U.S. dollar as the world’s key currency, or what will SUCCEED the 19th century’s most successful economic inventions, the commercial bank and the investmentRead MoreBhopal Gas Disaster84210 Words   |  337 Pagescompensation of Rs 70,000 and Rs 25,000 in the year 1994 and 1999, respectively. The claims clearly contained the name of the girl, her parents name, residence and age. Despite this, they were sanctioned twice in four months. The girl was also directed to remain present in the claims court on March 18 and July 19, 1999, to receive compensation as per the claimed letters. Bhartiya Jan Morcha district president Pradeep Khandelwal raised the issue and said that hundreds of such cases were approved by greasing

Paper on Bronfenbrenners Theory (on Journal Article) Essay Example For Students

Paper on Bronfenbrenners Theory (on Journal Article) Essay The Bronfenbrenner’s Theory is defined as describing the nested social and cultural contexts that shape development. Every person develops within a mircosystem, inside a mesosystem, embedded in a exosystem, all of which are part of the macrosystem of the culture (according to the textbook). I found a journal article in Journal of Instructional Psychology explaining the Ecological Model and the importance of teachers to understand the different relationships that impact development. The journal article describes the Bronfenbrenner’s model and how it works in a school. The Mircosystem is the innermost level and refers to the immediate interactions and influences of a person’s surroundings. In the classroom it means that mentors, administrators, and peers play active role in both interaction and influence of a child. It also includes family which is another main source of relationship in the mircosystem. Children can pick up behaviors from these sources but can also distribute their own behavior onto others. The relationships are bidirectional and reciprocal. The Mesosystem is all interactions and influences within the mircosystem. It is support within a larger environment. An example of this would be teacher meetings with parents which could influence the parents and then the parents could influence the child. The Exosystem is the social settings that do not involve the candidate (child) but affect their experiences in immediate settings either formal or informal in a social network. The article pointed out how work can be significance in affecting one’s personal relationship with family. A example could be a parent who works long hours may have less time to be involved in their child’s education. It can come from other factors such as teacher/administration relationships, school board, community resources for health, employment, recreation, or religion. The Macrosystem is the outermost level of the mircosystem and refers to the values, laws, and customs of a particular cultural. It is the larger society. The priority that the Macrosytem gives will affect the support given. The article states that Bronfenbrenner emphasized that change at the Marcosystem is important because it affects all other environmental levels, revising established values and programs in ways more favorable to development and the well being of the candidate. The article said interaction at any level of the Mircosystem can enhance development. The article was similar to what we learned in the textbook reading. It explained the stages in the same way but put more emphasis from a educational standpoint. I learned that at any interaction at any level can enhance development and the Macrosystem affects all other environmental levels. I agree with the article that each environmental level plays role and the interaction is needed in order to develop. I feel Brofenbrenner’s model is correct on how much social context and influences plays part in how we develop. Article info: AUTHOR:Laura D. Tissington TITLE:A Bronfenbrenner Ecological Perspective on the Transition to Teaching for Alternative Certification SOURCE:Journal of Instructional Psychology 35 no1 106-10 Mr 2008 http://vnweb. hwwilsonweb. com. ezproxy. roanestate. edu/hww/results/external_link_maincontentframe. jhtml? _DARGS=/hww/results/results_common. jhtml. 43

The resistivity of Constantan Essay Example

The resistivity of Constantan Paper The resistance of a piece of wire is dependant on its length, cross-sectional area and the type of metal the wire is made of. The resistance of a given wire can be calculated using the following equation: R = ? L / A where: L = Length (m) A = cross-sectional area (mi ) ? = resistivity of the metal By rearranging the equation the resistivity of the metal can be calculated: ? = R A / L The resistivity differs depending on the metal however it is constant at room temperature for each metal. This means that two pieces of wire made of the same metal and at room temperature should give the same result when calculating resistivity regardless of its length and cross-sectional area. The following equation can be used to calculate the resistance of a wire: R = V / I where: V = volts I = amps R = resistance When rearranged it can be compared with the equation of a straight line graph: V = R I y = m x (where m = the gradient) This means a graph plotted with volts against amps, the gradient of the graph will equal the resistance of the wire and from this the resistivity can be calculated. We will write a custom essay sample on The resistivity of Constantan specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The resistivity of Constantan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The resistivity of Constantan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Constantan was chosen as unlike most metals, its resistivity does not change when the temperature is raised so the results will not be affected by the wire heating up. Method and apparatus Take two lengths of constantan wire, one 34 SWG (standard wire gage) and the second 30 SWG. Measure the diameter of each wire using a micrometer and then measure their lengths in metres. Set up the apparatus as shown in fig. 1 using the 30 SWG wire first and ensuring the power pack is on direct current. Using the rheostat alter the number of volts running through the circuit until approximately 3 amps is reached. Note the voltage and ensure the scale of volts used does not exceed this as the wire will get too hot. Use the rheostat to change the voltage to the first on your scale and note the amps. Repeat this until six readings have been taken. Set up the apparatus with the 34 SWG wire and repeat experiment. Plot a graph for each wire and calculate the resistivity of the constantan, both wires should give the same result. In the interest of safety all electrical appliances should be regularly checked. It is also important that the wire is not handled while in use in the experiment as it may heat up. To ensure little error the crocodile clips should be at the very end of the wire as the length is a factor in the calculation. If the wire curls onto itself and is touching at any point then this will affect the results as it will shorten the length of the wire the current must travel through. Apparatus: Ruler Voltmeter Micrometer Wires Rheostat Crocodile clips Power pack Amp meter Fig. 1 Results 30 SWG 34 SWG Volts i 0. 1 Amps i 0. 01 Volts i 0. 1 Amps i Discussion The resistivity of the two wires should have given the same result as they were both made from constantan, however the wires gave two different results. The 30 S. W. G. wire gave a result of 5. 49 x 10 ? m whereas the 34 S. W. G. wire gave a result of 4. 62 x 10 ? m. Although both wires gave a relatively close result to the expected value of 5. 49 x 10 ? m when tested, it does suggest some error was made. It was noted that all the experimenters present found they calculated a lower value for the 30 S. W. G. wire than that of the 34 S. W. G. wire. This may mean that the properties of the two wires differ slightly, perhaps because of a difference in the company that produced it or a different batch. The equipment used was limited as to how accurate the readings could be with the accuracy being i 0. 01 for the ammeter and only i 0. 1 for the voltmeter. This may have affected the results and could account for why the graph for the 34 S. W. G. wire did not form a straight line and so a line of best fit had to be drawn. The graph for the 30 S. W. G. did form a straight line as expected so perhaps there was less error in the testing on this wire. If the experiment was to be repeated, a more accurate voltmeter and ammeter should ideally be used. It may also be beneficial to use wires that come from the same batch and company to ensure this is not a factor affecting the results. Bibliography Kaye and Laby (1995) Physical and Chemical Constants 16th Ed : Longman Carol Slack Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

Concepts of Facing Reality through the texts The Riders by Tim Winton, Retrun to Bali and film Snow falling on Cedars

Concepts of Facing Reality through the texts The Riders by Tim Winton, Retrun to Bali and film Snow falling on Cedars Reality is something that everybody has to face and deal with. Facing reality can sometimes have a significant effect on themselves as well as those closest to them. This idea is shown throughout the novel, "The Riders", by Tim Winton, the 60 minutes episode, "Return to Bali", and the film "Snow Falling on Cedars". The realities that the characters in these texts were confronted were presented in the ideas of facing reality is a physical or mental journey, that pain and suffering might be endured and that there will be a change in their life.The novel "The Rider's shows that when confronted with reality, you will face it through a physical or mental journey. Scully took both a mental and physical journey. Moving from one place to another all around Europe searching for his wife, Jennifer. "She'll be in Greece". This is what Scully had thought, though he was soon to find out that he was wrong and that he didn't know his own wife as well as he once thought.Ismael, or IshmaelThe mental journey is shown along the way. How his state of mind changes as each part of the novel is changed. This shows the mental journey in progress. At the end of the novel he ends up with a much better state of mind then what he had when he was in Paris and the other countries around Europe. A circular storyline shows the physical journey and the third person view shows the mental journey, by having different perspective the reader was able to interpret how Scully was truly feeling."Return to Bali" shows the physical journey, how they had to travel from their homes in Australia to Bali where they were recently bombed. This physical journey was short compared to the journey, which Scully...

Concepts of Facing Reality through the texts The Riders by Tim Winton, Retrun to Bali and film Snow falling on Cedars

Concepts of Facing Reality through the texts The Riders by Tim Winton, Retrun to Bali and film Snow falling on Cedars Reality is something that everybody has to face and deal with. Facing reality can sometimes have a significant effect on themselves as well as those closest to them. This idea is shown throughout the novel, "The Riders", by Tim Winton, the 60 minutes episode, "Return to Bali", and the film "Snow Falling on Cedars". The realities that the characters in these texts were confronted were presented in the ideas of facing reality is a physical or mental journey, that pain and suffering might be endured and that there will be a change in their life.The novel "The Rider's shows that when confronted with reality, you will face it through a physical or mental journey. Scully took both a mental and physical journey. Moving from one place to another all around Europe searching for his wife, Jennifer. "She'll be in Greece". This is what Scully had thought, though he was soon to find out that he was wrong and that he didn't know his own wife as well as he once thought.Ismael, or IshmaelThe mental journey is shown along the way. How his state of mind changes as each part of the novel is changed. This shows the mental journey in progress. At the end of the novel he ends up with a much better state of mind then what he had when he was in Paris and the other countries around Europe. A circular storyline shows the physical journey and the third person view shows the mental journey, by having different perspective the reader was able to interpret how Scully was truly feeling."Return to Bali" shows the physical journey, how they had to travel from their homes in Australia to Bali where they were recently bombed. This physical journey was short compared to the journey, which Scully...

Concepts of Facing Reality through the texts The Riders by Tim Winton, Retrun to Bali and film Snow falling on Cedars

Concepts of Facing Reality through the texts The Riders by Tim Winton, Retrun to Bali and film Snow falling on Cedars Reality is something that everybody has to face and deal with. Facing reality can sometimes have a significant effect on themselves as well as those closest to them. This idea is shown throughout the novel, "The Riders", by Tim Winton, the 60 minutes episode, "Return to Bali", and the film "Snow Falling on Cedars". The realities that the characters in these texts were confronted were presented in the ideas of facing reality is a physical or mental journey, that pain and suffering might be endured and that there will be a change in their life.The novel "The Rider's shows that when confronted with reality, you will face it through a physical or mental journey. Scully took both a mental and physical journey. Moving from one place to another all around Europe searching for his wife, Jennifer. "She'll be in Greece". This is what Scully had thought, though he was soon to find out that he was wrong and that he didn't know his own wife as well as he once thought.Ismael, or IshmaelThe mental journey is shown along the way. How his state of mind changes as each part of the novel is changed. This shows the mental journey in progress. At the end of the novel he ends up with a much better state of mind then what he had when he was in Paris and the other countries around Europe. A circular storyline shows the physical journey and the third person view shows the mental journey, by having different perspective the reader was able to interpret how Scully was truly feeling."Return to Bali" shows the physical journey, how they had to travel from their homes in Australia to Bali where they were recently bombed. This physical journey was short compared to the journey, which Scully...

Mountain Dew Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mountain Dew - Research Paper Example The advertising campaign of Mountain Dew’s is currently directed at the right market segment in terms of age, since the new campaign targets the teenager consumers to the consumers in their 20s. The ads are made for different mediums including television and radio and a diverse lineup of up to seven celebrities has been used to tailor the appeal to the needs of regional markets. However, the use of celebrities has not been made rightly. For example, as of the year 2011 in Los Angeles, there is a majority of white persons i.e. 71.8 per cent. The second largest population is of the Hispanics or Latinos i.e. 48.1 per cent, the non-Hispanic Whites make the third-largest population in Los Angeles with a population of 27.6 per cent of the total, Asians are the fourth-largest population i.e. 14.2 per cent, whereas the African Americans are the fifth-largest group in Los Angeles with a population of only 9.3 per cent (United States Census Bureau, 2012). Taking these statistics into co nsideration, Mountain Dew should have used a white celebrity in its ad for the audiences of television in Los Angeles whereas it included Lil Wayne in the ad who is an African American. Mountain Dew does not differentiate the product from the competition but the advertising campaigns run in the past have emphasized on the products’ benefits, e.g. â€Å"Ya-hoo! Mountain Dew! It’ll tickle your innards† (Stanford, 2012) and â€Å"Shore as shootin’, there’s a bang in every bottle† (Stanford, 2012). Mountain Dew has taken certain initiatives in the right direction like introducing new varieties and different flavors in addition to the original version in the states. To make more sales, Mountain Dew needs to make new customers without loosing its old customers. There has been a decrease in the percentage of the non-Hispanic consumers of Mountain Dew from the year 2000 to 2012 by almost three per cent. This is a huge loss for Mountain Dew since the whites make 80 per cent of the total population of Mountain Dew consumers. To make new customers, Mountain Dew needs to reflect in its ads that it caters for the interests and needs of people from all races and ethnicities. While there has been a decrease in the population of whites since the start of the 21st century, there has been a corresponding increase in the population of the non-whites in the US in general and the African Americans in particular. By casting Lil Wayne in its new TV advertising campaign, Mountain Dew has provided the African Americans with a means to identify with Mountain Dew, but not the audiences belonging to other races. The ad has been made strategically since it conveys the message in catchy phrases e.g. â€Å"If you got anything from me, it’s to find your thing and do you† (Stanford, 2012). In this sentence, Lil Wayne is drawing the audiences’ attention toward Mountain Dew. To generate a more universal appeal through its campaign, a better approach would be to use multiple stars belonging to different races and ethnicities in the ads meant for all states rather than including a star from a particular race or ethnicity to ensure maximum sale among particular groups within a state instead of everybody in general. This can be achieved by including stars from different races like Lil Wayne and Jason Aldean in the same ad. This

Gender Roles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Gender Roles - Essay Example Necessarily there exists an attempt -on the individual level as it is evident in Troy’s fatherly affection towards his children and in Bonno’s anxiety that he also might repeat his father’s role- to restore order and peace in conjugal life. Though Troy driven by sexual impulses makes contra-social relationship with Alberta, his fatherly affection and sense of responsibility for his wife proves him to be more of a sensible social being than of a member of the egoist patriarchy. Regarding Troy’s responsibility to his family, Storm (n.d.) says, â€Å"He was not in love with Rose, but felt a responsibility to her† (p. 3). But in the opposite manner, not only the roles of the male characters such as Othello, Iago, Cassio etc in the â€Å"Othello† and attitudes towards women and love, but also the passivity of the female characters depict a male dominated society in which a female figure is shaped according to what the male wants to and women’s voice is never paid heed to, as Desdemona’s true claim about her fidelity and loyalty has continuously been ignored by her husband. Referring to Othello’s ideal conception of Desdemona, Guffey (2005) says, â€Å"Othello had a perception of Desdemona that was altered by the machinations of Iago.   Desdemona contributed to that perception by fulfilling a role that she thought was ideal for Othello.   She wanted to be Othello’s perfect woman, so she portrayed herself as pure and virginal to her husband.† (p. 3). In comparison to Shakespeare’s â€Å"Othello†, the male characters of the â€Å"Fences† are less assertive to be the representatives of modern patriarchy. On the surface level Troy appears to be a bully, but he needs her support. He is not completely haughty; rather he pays heed to her and provides financial help to Lyon. At least, Troy does not hold any patriarchal-idealistic view of women’s fidelity. When he finds his father molesting his girlfriend, he beats his father, not the girl. But it

Ethics of Autonomous Drones in the Military Essay Example for Free

Ethics of Autonomous Drones in the Military Essay She states that even the best and most trained soldiers that are in the midst of battle may not always be able to act accordingly with the battlefield rules of engagement that were stated by the Geneva Convention because of possible lashing out from normal human emotions such as anger, fear, resent, and vengefulness. The second major point Dean wants to show, by the views and studies of others, in her article is that with this possible step in our evolution of military technology we do not want to let this idea fade away. Another major point is if we do develop this technology how would we do so, and if not, would we regret not advancing in this field further many years from now. With all of this information Dean uses to present her ideas there are still major flaws such as, the majority of these ideas and beliefs are theoretical, they still have not been fully tested, there is error in all technologies, and where else would the technological advancements lead artificial intelligence. The first argument providing support for Dean’s major point comes from the research hypothesis and thoughts of a computer scientist at Georgia Institute of Technology named Ronald Arkin. Arkin is currently under contract by the United States Army to design software programs for possible battlefield and current battlefield robots. The research hypothesis of Arkin is that he believes that intelligent autonomous robots can perform much more ethically in the heat of the battlefield than humans currently can. Yet this is just a hypothesis and while there is much research done towards this hypothesis there are still no absolutely positive research information that states an autonomous robot drone can in fact perform better than any soldier on the ground or up in a plane could do. In Arkins hypothesis, he stated that these robots could be designed with no sense of self-preservation. This means that without one of the strongest fears for humans, the fear of death, these robots would be able to understand, compute, and react to situations with out outside extraneous emotions. Although the men and women designing these robot programs may be able to eliminate this psychological problem of scenario fulfillment, which will cause soldiers to retain information that is playing out easier with a bias to pre-existing ideas, it is not always the case that this happens to soldiers. You have to realize that from the second a soldier begins his training he is trained and taught to eliminate the sense of self-preservation. There are isolated incidents with soldier error, but they are and will be corrected by superior officers or their fellow soldiers. Another factor that affects Cornelia Dean’s arguments is that there are errors in all things including technology. Throughout history there have been new uses of technology in warfare but with these come problems and error flaws that have cause and can cause more casualties than needed. With the use of an Automated drone the belief by Dean is that it will be able to decide whether or not to launch an attack on a high priority target whether or not if the target is in a public are and will decide if the civilian casualties would be worth it. But what happens if that drone is only identifying the target and the number of civilians surrounding it? It will not be able to factor in what type of people would be around him such as men, women, or children and any variance of them. The error in this situation would be the drone saying the target is high enough priority and a missile is launched and the civilians were women and children around while a school bus was driving by. The casualties would then instantly out weigh the priority to eliminate a specific target and a human pilot would much easier abort a mission than a predetermined response of an autonomous robot. Although Ronald Arkin believes there are situations that could arise when there may not be time for a robotic device to relay back what is happening to a human operator and wait for how to respond in the situation that could complete a mission, it may be that second of time delay between the robot and human operator that the ethical judgment is made. Also the realization that many robots in which are operated by humans are widely used to detect mines, dispose of or collects bombs, and clear out buildings to help ensure extra safety of our soldiers is a way that robots are already used today as battlefield assistants supports Dean. But all of these machines in the field have moments of failure or error. When the machines do fail it takes a soldier who has trained for that experience to fix and then use it again. If an autonomous drone fails while on a mission it is completely by its self and no human operator to fix it. Then can arise the problem of enemies realizing they were even being monitored and they could gain access to our military technology and can eventually use it against us. Another major point that Cornelia Dean discusses upon is with this possible step in our evolution of military technology we do not want to let this idea fade away. A large part of that is if we do develop this technology how would we do so, and if not, how much would we regret or how much would it affect us for not advancing in this field further many years from now. The argument that if other countries advance upon this faster and better than the United States military we could become less of a world power and be more at risk of attack and war with greater human fatalities is not necessarily true. This situation is important in the sense of keeping up with the other world powers but I believe that the risk for reward is not worth the amount of damage and civilian casualties that could happen from any number of robotic drones and their possible errors. There is a possibility as the technology develops and robots become more and more aware to the point were, Arkin believes that, they can make decisions at a higher level of technological development. Yet if these autonomous robots truly can think for themselves and make decisions brings a whole new possibility of problems of what if the robot can decide something differently than what the developers originally had programmed. Also comes the actual use problem of can the government ethically accept that in early stages of use, even after extraneous testing, there may be accidental casualties. If a robot has any error of making decisions because of how new and un-tested they are any of the possibly terrible results would not be the responsibility of the robot but of the country and government that designed it. The supporting evidence of this article strongly shows that Cornelia Dean will hope that use of these ethically superior autonomous robots will be apart of our military in the near future before the United States fall behind to other super powers in the world. Yet with all of this information Dean uses to present her ideas there are still major flaws such as, the majority of these ideas and beliefs are theoretical, they still have not been fully tested, and that there is error in all technologies. With these major points being enforced with plenty of evidence throughout the article, and with all of the possible negative sides and errors of this argument, it is safe to say that this will be and is a controversial topic of discussion by many governments and all parties involved with this technological advancement.

To Kill A Mocking Bird :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

To Kill a Mockingbird Usually, my method of writing a book review starts off with a quote. However, this time with this particular book I’ve decided to begin with a description of the author. Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926. She studied law along with her father and sister. In her allegorical novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee writes about a young girl in a small southern town by showing the difficulties she will have to face as she grows up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The author’s purpose is to show us how life isn’t always fair. I strongly agree with her on that for several reasons. For example, look at what happened to Tom Robinson. He was accused of a crime he didn’t commit and then he was killed because someone was lonely. She got him in trouble, which drove him to his death. In this example, life is definitely not fair because he never should have been accused of something he did not do. I could give several examples of smaller, less important situations that have the same theme as this story does â€Å"do not harm people who do not harm you.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The setting of this book was in Maycomb, Alabama in the 1930’s. Scout, Jem and Dill spend the summer trying to get Boo Radley out of his house. None of them had ever seen him. Scout started to school and on his way there and back, he and Jem would find gifts in a hole in the tree by the rocky place. Scout and Jem started hearing their father referred to as a â€Å"nigger-lover† because he was defending Tom Robinson – a Negro man accused of rape. When Scout, Jem and Calpurnia come home from church, they find Aunt Alexandrea is staying with them for the trial. One night, Atticus mysteriously leaves the house. Scout, Jem, Dill follow him. A lynch mob appears and was trying to force Atticus to let them have the Negro prisoner, but then the kids show up. On the way back from a Halloween pageant, the children were attacked by someone and caused Jem a broken arm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the book, Scout changes a lot. She goes from being an immature young girl to a mature young lady. She had a lot to adjust to in this story. For example, Jem felt her was older and too old to hang out with his little sister.

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Essay

A motive is a specific need or drive that arouses you and directs your behavior toward a certain goal. Emotion refers to the experience of feelings, (such as fear, sadness, happiness, etc) which also affects behavior. They push us to take some kind of action whether we are aware of it or not. Psychologists have put these behaviors into 3 categories: Arousal Theory, Drive-Reduction Theory, and Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation (Morris, 2012). Intrinsic & Extrinsic Motivation Shannon comes to work every day on time. She does her job as assigned, works hard, takes on challenging tasks to improve performance, and ensures that this is noticed by others. She is very clear about the expectations for her position as well as the criteria for evaluation. During annual evaluations, she hopes her evaluation scores are high enough for her to be eligible for a merit raise. One of her primary goals for this year is to be nominated for the employee of the year at the company’s annual dinner, which comes with both a preferred parking and a cash bonus. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation may increase Shannon’s motivation because it motivates her to see others see her doing a good job and this behavior can be defined as intrinsic motivation because of the praise she gets from others. Her behavior is also motivated by the goal of being employee of the year, which comes with rewards and this can be defined as extrinsic motivation. Although Shannon enjoys her job the motivation of an award is what motivates her the most. She is motivated extrinsically by the rewards she may receive for her behavior at work, therefore her intrinsic motivation and sense of responsibility for her behavior are likely to increase. The Arousal theory may decrease Shannon’s motivation because she doesn’t need to be stimulated to do her job, and there are no incentives in the end to reward her for a job well done. She is not seeking a thrill for her behavior; she will perform better with praise and rewards (Morris, 2012). Arousal Theory Joe enjoys coming to work each day. He finds pleasure in the outcome of his work. He believes his work helps others. He seeks out new ways to make his work more effective, and often initiates new work projects. He likes to stay busy throughout the day. He sometimes has a hard time if there is not enough work to do. He has no desire to leave the organization and would like to continue to be promoted within the company as he gains experience. The Arousal Theory can best motivate Joe because he is a thrill seeker and is motivated by the challenge of seeking new ways to make his work more effective. Joe is a sensation seeker and without it he will become bored with his work. He needs to keep his arousal at an optimum level in order to be productive. The Drive- Reduction theory may decrease Joe’s motivation because it’s the drive that keeps him going. Homeostasis or balance may not be enough excitement for him, and will lower his motivation and ambition at work. His primary and secondary drives are already established by his work performance, and his reward is the knowledge he has gained (Morris, 2012). These achievement-oriented behaviors can be very useful in the work place because everyone need a motive to do a good job. An employee can motivate by giving new challenges to a bored employee whose job has become routine and boring like in the Arousal Theory, or by giving incentives such as praise and bonuses as mentioned in the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Theory. Once an employer observe an individual’s behavior and work ethics they can decide which method will best motivate their employee to do a good job and enjoy it as well (Morris, 2012). References Morris,C. (2012). Understanding Psychology( 10th ed.).

Informed Consent Valid Consent Essay - 1787 Words

INFORMED CONSENT : Valid consent is impossible. To date, foetal tissue transplants have been handled as any other organ transplants under the UAGA, thus requiring consent of next of kin. The mother cannot give morally legitimate consent, since she initiated the termination of the pregnancy. Elimination of consent, however, would further turn the unborn child into an object; it would be inconsistent with the fact that, biologically, the developing foetus does not interpret the woman’s tissue. The UAGA and the NIH Panel both fail to discern the conflict between normal organ transplants and the function of foetal tissue. In the instance of foetal tissue, the mother is presumed to be the one who gives consent to the use of the tissue for the transplant (or for some other kind of experimentation). Granting to the normal understanding of proxy consent, her role assumes that she is working in the best interest of the unborn child. However, she is also the one who has initiated the final termination of pregnancy. Just quoting the part of the act dealing with informed consent stated in the NewZealand legislation (1)A person who proposes to collect or use human tissue must, before collecting or using the tissue, take all reasonably practicable steps to ascertain— o (a)what informed consent (if any) is required by this Act for the proposed collection or use of that tissue; and o (b)whether informed consent required by this Act for that collection or use of the tissue has beenShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Valid Informed Consent749 Words   |  3 PagesValid informed consent (IC) is a vital component of asthma research, yet research participants are frequently confused during the consenting process [5] [6], and often are uninformed about study objectives, risk and benefits of the research [5]. Information required in the consenting process has grown substantially which may pose challenges for researchers to balance convenience, full disclosure, and understanding [6] [7]. Over recent decades, informed consent documents have increased in lengthRead MoreWho Wears The Braces? A Practic al Application Of Adolescent Consent1109 Words   |  5 PagesFor this ethical research report, I decided to base it on the article titled, â€Å"Who wears the braces? A practical application of adolescent consent.†. I chose this article from the title. It intrigued me to know what it was about and what it had to say and when I read on to find that it was talking about the role of informed consent in dentistry when it comes to adolescents, I was interested. I’ve always believed that, no matter the legal age, maturity isn’t based on that documented number. ThereRead MoreUsing The Reimbursement Model, And The Wage Payment Model1010 Words   |  5 Pagesparticipants could be recruited for less compensation. The main concern about undue inducement is that its coercive influence may distort the test subjects’ judgment, compromise their voluntariness, or impair their ability to give informed consent. Without informed consent, the researchers are no longer re specting the partakers’ autonomy, the research then cannot be deemed as ethical. Three monetary payment models were proposed to mitigate the potential risks of undue influence: the market model,Read MoreThe Legal And Ethical Issues Of Nursing Practice About Gaining Consent And Why It Is Important1401 Words   |  6 Pagespractice about gaining consent and why it is important. The meaning of consent will be explained and barriers that might prevent obtaining a valid consent from patients. In addition, there are five elements of consent that needs to be considered when obtaining consent: competence, disclosure, confidentiality, understanding and voluntariness; this will be discussed. According to the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2015) nurses have to obtain a properly informed consent from the patient priorRead MoreThe Dilemma Of The Movie Wit Essay1145 Words   |  5 Pagesgives her the consent form to sign for treatment, he only gives her the signature page, failing to explain research methods being used, the treatment agent that would be applied, as well as any benefit or alternative options. According to the Miller Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, â€Å"Informed consent of a patient or other recipient of services based on the principles of autonomy and privacy has become the requirement at the center of morally valid decision makingRead MoreConsenting for Medical Negligence in India1785 Words   |  7 Pagespatient’s consent commits an assault for which he is liable in damages†. A doctor is required to care for his patient and explain what he intends to do. The Indian Penal Code, 1860 sets out a few specific examples underlining the necessity of this consent. Section 88 in the Chapter on General Exceptions provides exemption for the acts done in good faith for someone’s benefit. Section 92 provides for exemption for acts done in good faith for the benefit of a person without his consent, though theRead MoreEthical Soundness Of Clinical Research1076 Words   |  5 Pagestheir health care information, to insure the ethical soundness of clinical research and compliance with legal requirements. The informed consent process is an integral part of the conduct of clinical trials, where determining the capacity of subjects to provide the consent is essential to facilitate the process of presenting the informed consent document and obtaining the consent from subjects. However, this process is surrounded by several issues and concerns, and the research team ha ve to invest theirRead MoreProspective Clinical Research Requires Informed Consent Essay981 Words   |  4 Pages8. Prospective clinical research requires informed consent. Please explain the process and what information is required by the Office of Human Research Protection to be included in the consent form (10 points). The informed consent is a process can be summarized within three main elements which include information, voluntarily and understanding/comprehension. First, the researcher has to disclosure of information in informed consent to make sure the participants have sufficient information aboutRead MoreEthical Principles And Guidelines For The Protection Of Human Subjects Of Research1005 Words   |  5 Pageswithin the principle of respect for persons is the idea of informed consent. Behind informed consent is the belief that individuals with capacity should have the opportunity to decide what they want or do not want done to them. Additionally, there are three components of informed consent; informed (i.e. provided information), comprehend and voluntary. In research, children are not capable of providing the researcher with informed consent because children (for the most part) are not able to fullyRead MoreThe Effects Of Gender And Steroid Use On Body Image Dissatisfaction And Distortion Among College Age Bodybuilders Essay1664 Words   |  7 Pageswould like to participate in research on body image. If the member answered in the affirmative, he or she received a statement outlining the study. If interest continued after reading this statement, the participant was given a consent form to sign. After signing the consent form, each participant was handed an envelope containing a demographic questionnaire and a figure rating scale (Peters and Phelps, 2001). Sample size is stated (208), but it is not clear whether this was statistically determined